Unit 1 The basics of instructional design
Learning is acquiring or getting _______ or _______by study, experience, or instruction. (
Instructional design aims to produce instruction that will facilitate learning effective
Behaviorists regard learning as _______. ( ) Athe discovery of rules Ban interactive pro
Cognitivists regard learners as _______ of information. ( ) Apassive receivers Bactive p
Constructivists believe that language develops through the _______ between an individual
Instructional design aims to make learning more_______, _______, and _______. Acomplex B
Teaching is the activities which are intended to guide and facilitate learning. ()
The concepts of “teaching” and “instruction” are quite often used interchangeably. ()
“Teaching” and “learning” are two separate concepts which have no intrinsic relationsh
Instructional design reminds teachers to prepare materials beforehand. ()
ADDIE stands for Analysis, _______, Development, _______, and _______. ( ) ADesign BI
The most critical analyses to be carried out at the Analysis stage are _______ analysi
At the Gaining Attention stage, the teacher can capture learners’ attention by ______
At the Providing Guidance stage, the teacher should_______, _______, _______, etc. ( )
The common characteristics of many instructional design models are: _______, _______,
Frequently providing feedback helps learners figure out what they’re doing well and what
The teacher should inform students the required performance and criteria for standard per
The teacher should inform students the required performance and criteria for standard per
When presenting new contents, the teacher should structure the information in a meaningful
It is necessary for the teacher to help students transfer the new knowledge and skills ont
Teacher and teacher performance should be the focal point of instructional design. （）
Instructional objectives describe _______. ( ) Athe process of instruction Bwhat the lea
Cognitive learning domain objectives concern with _______, _______, and _______. （ ） Aunde
Psychomotor learning domain objectives concern with special _______. （） Askills Bemotion
Affective objectives emphasize _______. ( ) Aacting Bthinking Cfeeling Dimaging
According to Robert Mager, instructional objectives should contain three basic component
A well-formulated objective should be _______, _______, and _______. （） Adividable Bspeci
Instructional objectives emphasize student behaviors, rather than the behaviors of the in
“Enjoying music” is a cognitive domain objective. （）
Using action verbs helps to make objectives more specific, observable and measurable. （）
“Know” is an action verb that can be easily observed. （）
An instructional procedure is a framework or a model that is planned and implemented to ar
The acronym PPP represents _______, _______, and _______. ( ) Apresentation Bproblem Cpr
The focus of the Activate phase in the ESA model is the_______ of the language. (
The five components of a five-stage model are _______, elicitation, _______, accurate repr
The objective of the Pre- stage in PWP model is to _______ and help them to prepare for th
PPP is a model used to describe typical stages of the inductive way of teaching language k
During the Engage phrase, a teacher can arouse the students’ interest and attention by a
During the accurate reproduction stage, the students should be asked to repeat and practic
Debates and role plays are examples of post-stage activities to help students integrate wh
All instructional procedures introduced in this lecture have to take place in a linear ord
“Assessment” and “_______” are sometimes used interchangeably. ( ) Aexamination
Teachers use the results of formative assessment to _______. ( ) Amake adjustment and im
Summative assessments are said to be _______. ( ) Aassessment for learning Bassessment a
When designing language classroom assessment, a teacher should align the assessment activi
If a teacher wants to assess whether students can explain something or not, he/she may cho
Tests are subsets of assessments. （）
Formative assessment is usually done after the instruction to determine where the students
Good teachers constantly assess students’ learning in the process of the instruction. (
Standardized tests are formative assessments. （）
Teachers need to use many different assessments so as to best represent the students' lear
Unit 2 Desgning Pronunciaiton teaching
The study of pronunciation includes _______. ( ) Aattention to the particular sounds of
Phonological awareness refers to _______. ( ) Aan individual’s awareness of the sound s
The hypothesis that a biologically determined period of life when language can be acquired
The objective of pronunciation teaching should be _______. ( ) Agetting learners to acqu
Pronunciation refers to the production of sounds that we use to make meaning. （）
There are two reasons why we should teach pronunciation. The first is the role of pronunci
In a foreign language learning context, teachers needn’t spare special efforts to focus o
In a foreign language learning environment, it is compulsory for students to acquire nati
Intelligibility implies two types of ability: the speaker's ability to say words or senten
The most important factor influencing pronunciation is motivation. （）
Individual sounds are the basic units of pronunciation, and are often referred to as _____
Vowels and consonants go together to make _______. () Awords Bphrases Cphonemes DAllophone
Monophthongs are described according to _______, _______, _______. ( ) Athe height of th
The combination of stressed and unstressed syllable produces the _______of English sentenc
Learning pronunciation is to learn to produce the sounds of English accurately enough. ()
A diphthong is a single sound produced when two vowels, one dominant in duration and stres
The syllable which carries secondary stress is said with less breath effort than unstresse
The diphthongs can be described according to the vowel height, frontness and the roundedne
Consonants are described and classified according to their production: manner of articulat
A falling-rising tone signals a question or continuation. ()
Teachers need to provide learners with generous degrees of affective support during pronun
Teachers need to provide learners with generous degrees of affective support during pronun
_______is beneficial for improving learners’ pronunciation intelligibility. () ATeaching
Morley in 1994 speaks of the pronunciation teacher as a “_______”. () Aknowledge deliver
When offering feedback, teachers could_______. () Asupport learners’ efforts Bguide them
When designing pronunciation activity, it is important that the design should be appropria
Different kinds of intelligences may include musical, interpersonal, spatial-visual, and l
Tone awareness activity is suitable for correcting errors in pronunciation teaching. （）
When students engage in pair or group working to improve their pronunciation, teachers don
All APPs related to pronunciation can be used in pronunciation teaching. （）
Students can evaluate their pronunciation level by themselves. （）
Which of the following techniques can be used to teach pronunciation? ( ) Asound discrim
________ technique focuses mainly on warming up the organs of speech through tongue exerci
（） means that all people have different kinds of “intelligences”, and we could offer va
________ helps learners to focus attention on the horizontal tongue movement in pronouncin
When designing pronunciation activity, it is important that the design should be appropria
Different kinds of intelligences may include musical, interpersonal, spatial-visual, and l
When students engage in pair or group working to improve their pronunciation, teachers don
Unit 3 Designing Vocabulary teaching
Without （）very little can be conveyed, without （）nothing can be conveyed. () Agrammar, v
When we teach students a word, we should teach its _______,______________. () Aform Bmeani
（）vocabulary refers to words that one is able to recognize and comprehend in reading or l
Stern (1983) proposed a framework for examination of second language learning, which inclu
Chunks include_______, fixed and semi-fixed expressions and idioms. () Along phrases Bslan
Without an extensive vocabulary and strategies for acquiring new vocabulary, learners ofte
Passive vocabulary refers to words that one is not only able to recognize but also able to
As an English teacher, one should teach students all the meanings of a word. ()
Context-based vocabulary learning works better than wordlist-based vocabulary learning. ()
Incidental vocabulary learning occurs all of the time when we read, listen or watch a movi
Vocabulary knowledge can fall into three broad categories: _______,______and________. (
The meaning of a word is primarily what it refers to in the real world, that is, its______
_______are items that serve as specific examples of a general concept. () AHyponyms BSynon
Nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are_______words. () Afunction Bcontent Cuseful Dkey
When designing pronunciation activity, it is important that the design should be appropria
Different kinds of intelligences may include musical, interpersonal, spatial-visual, and l
When students engage in pair or group working to improve their pronunciation, teachers don
Teachers should model an enthusiasm for and curiosity about new words through their own be
Through_______and_______, students can become familiar with new words and understand how t
_______and_______ are two very important strategies for dealing with low frequency words.
Teachers can help learners take responsibility in vocabulary learning by_______, _______,
When designing pronunciation activity, it is important that the design should be appropria
Different kinds of intelligences may include musical, interpersonal, spatial-visual, and l
When students engage in pair or group working to improve their pronunciation, teachers don
To present vocabulary means to introduce various aspects of the words that the students ha
Illustration is very useful for simple words and for visual learners. （）
Mime lends itself particularly well to action verbs and it can be fun and memorable.（）
Flashcards and Pictures are only useful for beginners. （）
There is no better way to make a person remember something than to see, smell, touch and t
If students talk about cities while studying Geography, for instance, it will be easier fo
Composing some short stories based on new words learners just learned is the best way to p
Composing some short stories based on new words learners just learned is the best way to p
Using prefixes and suffixes to build new lexical items from given words is a good way to l
In foreign language teaching and learning, fluency development involves making the best us
Guessing meaning from context is not a good way to develop vocabulary. （）
Unit 4 Designing Grammar teaching
_____believes Grammar is a set of rules that define how words (or parts of words) are comb
（） considers grammatical structures not only have form, but also are used to express mean
A communicative view sees grammar as a resource that enables us to _______. （） Aget thing
The major factors or variables that influence the importance of grammar learning are______
Diane Larsen-freeman claims grammar is the structural foundation of our ability to express
It is generally accepted that grammar is seen as the way language manipulates and combines
Grammar is something to be learned as an end in itself. ()
While in teaching grammar, teachers provide the means by which students can build up the s
It is unnecessary for all people to learn grammar ().
Grammar is the vital component in the human mind that allows us to use language for any pu
（） believes that grammar embodies the three dimensions of form, meaning, and use? () ADav
The _______ of grammar mainly focuses on the accuracy of grammatical points. () AForm BMea
Creating a() _______ plays an important role in introducing new grammatical structure. ()
When students can transfer grammatical knowledge to relevant situations, this grammatical
When teaching grammar, teachers should pay more attention only to the form of certain gram
“Meaning” in three dimensions of grammar focuses on its appropriateness, when and why it
Teachers should help their students to use the structures meaningfully and appropriately b
Grammatical structures should be taught in isolation. ()
Teachers should organize more drilling exercises for grammar. ()
Meaning communication is very important for acquiring certain grammatical structures. ()
The approach that teacher gives a grammatical explanation or rule followed by a set of exe
（） approach proposes that the teacher presents the learners with samples of language and,
When teaching grammar, we should focus on _______knowledge. () Aaffective Bprocedural Cenc
Teachers should make clear the relationship between grammatical form and _______function.
Inductive is better than deductive approach for teaching grammar. ()
Inductive approach requires less mental effort, and most students like this method. ()
Deductive approach needs greater mental effort, and it takes more time for learners to com
Inductive techniques appear to result in learners retaining more of the language in the lo
Declarative knowledge is knowing language rules ()
Students need to develop mastery of target language items by memorizing rules. ()
（） method is known as a “top down” approach when presenting grammar. （） AInductive BFo
The major disadvantages for deductive method include_______. （） AIt can make students pas
The major merits for inductive method include （）. AIt is time-saving. BStudents discove
The major kinds of practice when teaching grammar include （）. AMechanical BUseful CMean
In deductive method, students implicitly discover grammar rules while working through exam
Production stage can be defined as the activity through which language skills and knowledg
Meaningful practice refers to a controlled practice activity which students can successful
Communicative practice refers to activities where practice in using language within a real
In production stage, the structures are being used freely and incorporated into prior know
When designing practice activities, teachers should spend more time on mechanical practice
Unit 5 Desiging Listening teaching
The act of listening involves complex( ) ，( ), and ( ) processes. Aaffective Bcogni
To listen well, listeners must have the ability to decode the message, the ability to appl
Three different kinds of listening comprehension processes are often referred to as
Listening skills and strategies need to be taught in that teaching listening allows studen
In bottom-up processing of listening comprehension, listeners understand the information t
Listening is receiving language through the ears. (
Compared with speaking, listening is a static process. ()
Listening is the most frequently used language skill. ()
Bottom-up processing goes from language structure to meaning, but top-down processing goes
In listening comprehension, listeners’ psychological factors play little roles. ()
The items that should be taught in listening instruction include （）, （）, and （）. Athe
Improving listening comprehension requires explicit and systematic instruction of （）, （）
Given the different background knowledge between the target-language and students’ native
Listening strategies can be classified into three categories: （）,（）, and（） . Ameta-co
Metacognitive strategies in listening comprehension mainly include （）,（）, and （）. Ahear
Listening comprehension is the interpretation of spoken language and this includes the rec
The cultural background has a significant effect on the listening process. ()
It is advisable to incorporate multiple skills in a listening lesson rather than target ea
Predicting, interpreting, storing, and recalling information are metacognitive skills. ()
Social-affective strategies refer to learning by interaction with others. ()
The principle of authenticity in listening teaching means using authentic （） and contexts
About language content, Morley proposes three principles of the choices to attract learner
In order to foster transfer of training, the best listening lessons present in–class acti
In order to foster transferable value of listening teaching, the lessons present in class
In teaching listening, the top-down processing means interpreting the text in the light of
Authentic listening materials can be from many different sources, including TV and radio b
In teaching listening, the principle of Relevance means that both the listening lesson con
The purpose of language use tasks is to give students practice in listening for informatio
Students listen for the gist, and then the detailed information, which is the top-down pro
Bottom-up process alone is enough for successful listening comprehension. ()
The first stage of pre-listening usually involves activating （） in order to help students
（） and （） are the frequently used pre-listening tasks. （） Abrainstorming Bextracting de
While-listening activities can provide a （）, showing students what is important about any
While-listening activities are designed for students to identify what’s important in a pa
Such activities as （）,（）,（）and role-play can be carried out as post-listening activitie
In designing listening teaching, listening sequences are usually divided into three parts:
Prediction can boost students’ top-down processing, making it easier for them to use thei
In while-listening stage, students usually listen once for the gist. ()
While-listening tasks help to show whether students understand the listening passage or no
In teaching listening, listening sequences: pre-listening, while-listening and post-listen
Unit 6 Designing Speaking teaching
Speaking is the delivery of （） through the mouth. Alanguage Binformation Cideas Dthoughts
Fluency is typically measured by （） of access or production and by the number of hesitati
Inhibition, （）, （）, and （） can be the problems that teachers come across in getting stu
According to Harmer, the reasons that students use mother tongue in class can be the follo
The affective factors, such as confidence, （）,（）, and（）can affect students’ speaking p
To speak, we create sounds using many parts of our body, including the lungs, vocal tract,
Teaching speaking is to teach students to produce the English speech sounds and sound patt
Accuracy is typically measured by the amount of error and complexity by the presence of mo
Students’ fear of making mistakes, criticism or losing face can lead to inhibition in spe
Performance conditions, such as time, pressure, planning, standard of performance and amou
It is necessary to teach pronunciation, grammar, （）, and （） in speaking instruction. Avo
In speaking instruction, pronunciation is （） and also （）. Athe way in which a word or a
In teaching speaking, the two basic ways to teach vocabulary are through （） and （）. A
Some rules, such as turn-taking, conversation initiation, and （） etc. govern social inter
The manner in which we use （）, （）, and （）affects the messages we are trying to give. Av
To speak, we create sounds using many parts of our body, including the lungs, vocal tract,
Accuracy is typically measured by the amount of error and complexity by the presence of mo
Students’ fear of making mistakes, criticism or losing face can lead to inhibition in spe
Performance conditions, such as time, pressure, planning, standard of performance and amou
In speaking teaching, teachers need to adhere to the principles of focusing on （） and （）
To provide intrinsically motivating techniques and maintain interest, teachers need to try
Although it is not easy to keep coming up with meaningful interaction, teachers need adher
In speaking teaching, we need to bear in mind （）, from language-based focus on accuracy t
Since skills in producing language are often initiated through comprehension, in listening
To help students develop fluency the teacher need constantly interrupt them to correct the
To intrinsically motivate students, the teacher can appeal to students’ need for knowledg
To maintain learners’ interest, activities need to be short and varied, and to involve th
Typical classroom interaction is characterized by teacher initiation of language for fear
There is no need to teaching strategies in speaking teaching. ()
Teaching speaking is challenging for many English teachers because speaking involves the u
In teaching speaking, Goh and Burns recommend to provide （） , such as pre-teaching vocabu
According to Goh and Burn, in conducting speaking task, students practice a communicative
In while-speaking stage, （）, such as a role play, a game, a discussion or a debate are us
An information transfer activity is a kind of （）where the students respond to what they h
Speaking is a highly complex and dynamic skill that involves the use of several simultaneo
There are usually structured activities used to promoting speaking skills, including pre-s
At pre-speaking stage, the teacher’s role is to get students to think about what they are
While-speaking stage is the time for students to practice speaking in which the teacher ha
An important part of the post-speaking activity is the focus of developing speaking skills
Unit 7 Designing Reading teaching
Reading is making meaning from written words and it is about _______, _______, and _______
Such elements as _______, _______, _______, and strategy define the act of reading. Athe t
Three models of reading process are _______, _______, and _______. APWP model Bbottom-up m
Many factors such as readers' vocabulary knowledge, _______, _______, _______, may affect
Reading is a process that results from a negotiation of meaning between the text and its r
Fluent readers are “decoding” each word they encounter.()
In bottom-up reading, readers focus on the meaning of what they are reading rather than on
In the interactive model of reading, there is interaction between the reader and text and
Relationship between the second language learners’ first language literacy and the develo
Reading purposes vary according to different situations for different people. ()
As to knowledge in teaching reading, it is of great importance to include_______, _______,
Chamot and O'Malley (1994) categorized reading strategies into _______, meta-cognitive str
In Anderson (1991)’s Reading Strategy Checklist, types of reading strategy include_______
According to New English Curriculum Standards for Senior High Schools (2017 edition, revis
Reading is a complex process and it involves different component skills and knowledge area
Automatic recognition skills require lots of mental processing to recognize text, especial
Meta-cognition involves reflecting on what one is doing.()
Predicting the theme and content is a socio-affective strategy.()
Socio-affective strategies can be developed through such activities as pair or group work,
Compensation strategy can help readers to understand a text through the background knowled
Students' background knowledge for reading can be greatly activated by setting goals, ____
As to building a strong vocabulary base for students’ reading comprehension, three questi
In interpreting some complicated or difficult sentences in reading texts, it is better to
When selecting reading texts, teachers should keep the balance between ______and_____. Afl
Automatic recognition skills require lots of mental processing to recognize text, especial
Meta-cognition involves reflecting on what one is doing.()Meta-cognition involves reflecti
Predicting the theme and content is a socio-affective strategy.()Socio-affective strategie
Pre-reading activities should be able to get readers' attention,____ ,___ , establish a pu
Pre-reading activities may include _____, _____, discussing new vocabulary, creating
For question-answering activity in while-reading phase, questions can be asked for ___,
For the activity of retelling in post-reading phase, _____, ____, ____ can be provided for
Students’ prior knowledge about the reading topic can be activated by brainstorming activ
It is beneficial to ask students to justify their answers in “true or false statements”
Scanning is reading rapidly in order to get a general overview of the material. ()
Drawing mind-map based on the text is one form of information transferring activity. ()
Multiple choice questions are easier than translation or table-filling.
False summary may mislead the readers about text understanding. ()
Unit 8 Designing writing teaching
Generally speaking, _______ ______belong to productive skills. Alistening Bspeaking Cr
As the purpose and rationale differ from people to people, there are different writing tea
Derya Altınmakas (2019) identified several factors influencing writing learning. Among th
That “sentences were the building blocks of discourse, and that discourse was created by
The view that “Writing is not only an individual task, but involves social collaborative
When we teach students how to write a book report, we probably employ the （）approach. ()
Most people acquire the spoken language (at least of their own mother tongue) intuitively,
Proponents of genre-based writing recognize and accept the reality that there will never b
The purpose of writing, in principle, is the expression of ideas, the conveying of a messa
In speech, the information is conveyed through many more words: there are a lot of repetit
When we study a model written text, we should focus on( ) ,( ) ,( ) ,and grammar and
Feedback can be given on（）, （）,( ). Acontent Blanguage use Corganization Dspecial audi
By reading a text, showing pictures, （）, and( ), we can introduce the topic to students
We can use _______, ______,________ to start organizing a possible shape for the text. Ano
Teaching writing just means setting a writing task, leaving the students to do it (perhaps
The teacher can help students study sample and model texts similar to what they want to wr
There is no need to go through the draft again after teacher’s feedback. ()
A very good way to overcome blank page terror and get ideas flowing is to fast-write. ()
Students often benefit from preparing a draft version before the final one. ()
Peer review is not necessary at the final stage of writing. ()
Learners should bring experience and knowledge to their writing. （）
Learners should write with a message-focused purpose for that most writing should be done
Different genres use different writing conventions and draw on different language features
Learners should not have conscious strategies for dealing with parts of the writing proces
Learners should use writing to increase their language knowledge. （）
Teachers should mark and correct all the mistakes in students writing. （）
Computers provide very useful ways of providing feedback, so teacher’s feedback can be ne
“Practice makes perfect”, and it is still true as far as writing is concerned. （）
Creative writing is writing that creatively expresses the writer’s thoughts and feelings
Appropriateness is as important as accuracy in expressing ideas. （）
Murray (1980) distinguishes three general stages in writing, including_______, _______, __
Activities related to the rehearsing phase include_______, _______, _______and information
Students are given a number of paragraphs and reorder them to make an essay, it is an acti
Teacher’s feedback can be given on _______, _______ _______. Amerits and flaws Brough
At rehearsing stage the writer must know how many of the ideas or how much of the informat
Revising can occur at any time in the composing process. （）
Free association means that students are supposed to quickly say whatever words or sentenc
Information gathering activities may include interviews, opinion surveys, field trips, and
Teacher’s feedback may take place at several stages during the writing process, rather th
Reduction exercise can help students improve their redundant sentences. （）